Cutaneous Phosphorlyated α-synuclein Detection as a Biomarker of Synucleinopathy

– Male and female between 40-99 years of age

– Prior clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Dementia
with Lewy bodies or Pure Autonomic Failure

– Health Subjects, no history of clinical or symptoms suggestive with synucleinopathy

Exclusion Criteria:

– Clinical evidence of severe vascular disease (history of ulceration, poor wound
healing, vascular claudication)

– Clinically active coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease

– Current smoker or alcoholism

– History of allergic reaction to local anesthesia for skin biopsies

– Use of blood thinners (aspirin or Plavix alone is allowed)

– Significantly impaired wound healing or history of scarring or keloid formation

– Healthy individuals or individuals with synucleinopathy is disease may be explained by
other causes: recent history of encephalitis, Cortical dementia of Alzheimer’s type,
Whipple’s disease, toxin exposure, repeated head injury and stepwise disease
progression suggestive of vascular etiology